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Research Help

3. Searching Effectively

As most of your searching will be done digitally, it's important to keep the following tips and tricks to make your searching more effective.

Remember.

Most search engines and databases will let you narrow your results by year published, type of source, full text, or scholarly/peer-reviewed. They also allow you to use a variety of search techniques to help you narrow or broaden your search results.

  • Boolean Operators
  • Truncation
  • Wildcard
  • Phrase Searching

Use the Boolean Operators AND, OR, or NOT, to narrow, broaden, and exclude your results.

ANDNote. From “Boolean Pizza” by Andrea Bearman, 2022 under CC-BY 4.0.

-Used to narrow results with multiple search terms.

Example: global warming AND polar bears

OR

-Used to increase results. Helpful for synonyms.

Example: global warming or climate change

NOT

- Helps exclude unwanted results.

Example: global warming NOT polar bears                                                               

 

Note. Image from “Boolean Pizza” by Andrea Bearman, 2022 under CC-BY 4.0.

Truncation searches for possible word variations with the same root word by placing an asterisk (*) at the end of the root.

Example

Type pollut* to find pollute, pollution, polluting, etc.

Benefits

Improve search results by ensuring you don't overlook sources due to slight variations in terminology or spelling.

Save time by not having to do multiple searches.

Broadens your search results.

Wildcard is useful for searching for irregular plurals or spelling variations. To use this search strategy, place an asterisk (*) where needed.

Example

WOM*N to find results including woman or women; COLO*R to find color or colour. 

 

Phrase searching is used to find specific combinations of words in a particular order.

It is useful for when you want to narrow down search results to include only those that contain an exact phrase, and not each individual word separately. Simply input your phrase in quotation marks to search for that exact phrase.

Example

"global warming"